What Sanatan Means to Me? Part III

That Sanatan Dharma, often referred to as Hinduism, stands as a monumental cultural, philosophical, and spiritual tradition has left an indelible mark on the world, is widely acknowledged.  Its contributions to art, science, philosophy, and culture are profound, with a history stretching back thousands of years. Yet, despite its rich legacy, Sanatan Dharma faces a series of contemporary challenges, as well as promising opportunities, which deserve our contemplation and action. How to navigate these challenges and how to embrace these opportunities? And what are these perceived challenges?
Interpretational Diversity: One of the most distinctive aspects of Sanatan Dharma is its inherent diversity, which has fostered a wide array of interpretations, practices, and beliefs. While this diversity can be a source of strength, it has also led to fragmentation and the potential for division and sectarianism. The challenge lies in finding a balance between the preservation of traditional wisdom and embracing this diversity to accommodate evolving worldviews and contexts.
Varna System: The Varna system, often erroneously equated with caste, is a significant issue that Sanatan Dharma grapples with. Although not an intrinsic aspect of the faith and with roots in a much later historical period, it has been associated with discrimination and social inequalities. Despite efforts to reform it, this issue persists, calling for a nuanced approach to address historical injustices while preserving the core teachings of Sanatan Dharma.
Ritualistic Rigidities: In the face of external pressures and perceived marginalization, Sanatan Dharma witnessed the emergence of rigid rituals and beliefs, especially in the Middle Ages and got entrenched in 18th and 19th centuries. This retreat into insularity posed a challenge, leading to a resistance against modernization and secularism. Sanatan Dharma must adapt to the changing times while preserving the essence of its teachings, transcending ritualistic rigidity.
Transforming World Order: India's delayed entry into the world of science and new discoveries resulted first in her grand isolation, and then in an exponential gap between the privileged and the underprivileged. The challenge lies in bridging this gap, harmonizing tradition with modernity, and finding ways to adapt to the demands of a rapidly changing world, while still preserving the invaluable wisdom contained in Sanatan Dharma.
Political Manipulation: Sanatan Dharma, in the later years, was manipulated for political purposes by invading forces and colonial powers. These manipulations have sown tension and division, often portraying aspects of the faith as primitive and uncivilized. Addressing these historical misrepresentations and preventing the ongoing exploitation of its features for narrow political gains remains a pressing concern.
And Opportunities 
In the face of contemporary challenges, Sanatan Dharma offers opportunities for renewal and rejuvenation. It possesses a timeless wisdom that can help address contemporary issues, provided that its followers are willing to adapt and evolve while preserving its core values.
Education and Awareness: One of the most significant opportunities is education and awareness. Promoting a deeper understanding of Sanatan Dharma's profound philosophical and spiritual aspects can help dispel misconceptions and foster a sense of unity among its followers.
Social Reform: Addressing the historical injustices associated with the Varna system and fostering social equality within the framework of Sanatan Dharma would be a promising endeavour. Embracing the principles of equality and compassion contained within the faith can lead to a more just society.
Interfaith Dialogue: Engaging in meaningful interfaith dialogues can help bridge gaps and foster mutual understanding. It's an opportunity to dispel stereotypes and promote harmony in a diverse world. Sanatan has the potential to initiate and propagate the concept of ‘One world: One future’
Modernization with Tradition: Balancing tradition and modernity is a challenge, but it's also an opportunity to showcase the adaptability and relevance of Sanatan Dharma. Embracing the principles of the faith while accommodating contemporary realities can ensure its survival and flourishing.
Sanatan, in essence, has largely seen, analysed and interpreted human quests in a far larger context, where there has been no plae for discrimination. 
Ishavashyopnishad says
यस्तु सर्वाणि भूतानि आत्मन्येवानुपश्यति।
सर्वभूतेषु चात्मानं ततो न विजुगुप्सते।।
One who sees all living beings existing in the Supreme soul and the Supreme soul in all living beings, does not hate anyone.
Clearly, the emphasis of Vedant has never been on discrimination. It has always advocated that all living beings have the same consciousness and possess part of the same supreme energy. It talks of ‘Samdarshan’- viewing all humans as equals, treating all humans as equals. The concept of discrimination is indeed, alien to Sanatan.
This finds further corroboration in Bhagavad-Geeta. It says,
विद्या विनय सम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनी ।
शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिता: समदर्शन:।।
A Gyani sees complete equality amongst a humble and knowledgeable Brahmin, a cow, an elephant, a dog and a Chandal. 
This eloquently expresses the spirit enshrined in Sanatan’s scriptures, certainly all those that authentically represent Sanatan. 
A Promising Future
Sanatan Dharma's journey is marked by challenges and opportunities, much like any other significant tradition. Recognizing the timeless spirit of openness and inclusivity that defines Sanatan Dharma, and being willing to  adapt and reform, may be the key to overcoming challenges and harnessing its enduring potential for the betterment of individuals and society at large. In doing so,  the profound reverence and contributions of Sanatan Dharma shall continue to enrich the world for generations to come. Such an evolutionary challenge is not unique to Sanatan; it is a phenomenon that affects every significant social or religious movement, becoming all the more pronounced for a faith that has an exceptional historicity.
(To Be Continued….)
A brief discussion of the Varna system in the context of Sanatan will be imperative to seek an objective perspective on its most controversial and contested contour.  Part IV will attempts to do so to conclude this discussion on Sanatan.

(Uday Kumar Varma is an IAS officer. Retired as Secretary, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting)